Start by defining the problem than moving on to smaller problems. As the learner solves the problems they learn the skills needed.
Similar to the 4-CID model – take a skill. Break it down into parts, figure out the information needed for these parts and then how teach it.
First principles of Instruction (Merrill’s instructional theory)
Dr. Merrill – basically he took all the theories and said that they had commonalities.
1 - Demonstration
2 – Application
3 – Task-Centered
4 – Activation
5 - Integration
4 Phase cycle of Instruction
** Need to be careful with this – if we focus too much on the formula, the approach, the
system/steps, we may lose some of the creativity that comes with design.
** His two ideas were more for the high-volume designer. He wanted to make a easy-to-follow
set of steps that anyone could follow as they were instructional designers.
**May not work for high-end products, for very picky customers, for very custom designs.
ANCHORED INSTRUCTION
Take learning concepts and ‘anchor’ them in real-world contexts.
Give them a real-life situation where they learn a specific principle in a real-life context.
Think of the old westerns – a lot of the values that the older generation embraces were learned in the old John Wayne westerns.
Where in the world is Carmen Sandiego? – This is a perfect example of these type
of anchored instruction.
**The story poses a problem that the learners have to solve. It’s not the actual story –
it’s the task/question that is presented that anchors the learning.
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